A miscarriage is an unexpected loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week. It's a common event that many individuals and couples face. Understanding the different types and how they occur can help cope with the emotional and physical impacts.

Early miscarriage
An early miscarriage occurs within the first trimester, specifically during the initial 12 weeks of pregnancy. It represents the most prevalent form of pregnancy loss. The primary reasons behind early miscarriages are often linked to chromosomal abnormalities, which pertain to issues with the fetus's DNA or complications related to the placenta's health and functionality.

Inevitable miscarriage
Miscarriage, described as inevitable when specific signs are present, manifests through vaginal bleeding and occasionally cramps similar to menstrual pains. This condition is further confirmed through medical examination, revealing an open cervical os. Although in instances where ultrasound imaging may still detect an ongoing pregnancy or no pregnancy tissue has yet been expelled from the uterus, the unfortunate outcome of miscarriage in such scenarios is considered unavoidable.

Complete miscarriage
A complete miscarriage occurs when ultrasound imaging confirms the absence of pregnancy tissue in the uterus.

Incomplete miscarriage
An incomplete miscarriage occurs when not all pregnancy tissue leaves the uterus following a miscarriage. If you encounter this condition, you might continue to experience vaginal bleeding and discomfort, potentially leading to a complete miscarriage. Alternatively, if the bleeding ceases, additional medical intervention might be necessary.

Missed miscarriage
A missed miscarriage occurs when a fetus dies in the womb without the body immediately acknowledging the loss. As a result, pregnancy symptoms can persist due to sustained hormone levels. This condition is typically detected during standard ultrasound examinations when a heartbeat is absent, often surprising and deeply distressing for the expectant mother.

Recurrent miscarriage
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL), or the experience of two or more consecutive miscarriages before 20 weeks of gestation, is a health condition that impacts prospective parents deeply. Various factors can lead to RPL, including genetic and chromosomal irregularities, abnormalities in the uterus, hormonal imbalances, immune system dysfunctions, issues with blood clotting, the increased age of the mother, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), and thyroid disorders. Comprehensive diagnostic evaluations are crucial to pinpointing the exact causes.

Late miscarriage
A miscarriage occurring in the second trimester, between weeks 13 and 24 of pregnancy, is referred to as a late miscarriage. Unlike early miscarriages, late miscarriages are less frequent and can result from a variety of factors. These include complications stemming from abnormalities in the uterus or cervix, the impact of invasive tests on the fetus, and Rhesus isoimmunization. Additionally, chronic health conditions such as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), illnesses related to food poisoning, such as toxoplasmosis, salmonella, and listeria—, or infections contracted by the pregnant individual—including sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia—can lead to late miscarriages.

Threatened miscarriage
A threatened miscarriage occurs when symptoms such as light to moderate vaginal bleeding appear in the first half of pregnancy, indicating a potential risk of losing the baby. However, this does not necessarily mean that a miscarriage will happen. It's more like a warning from your body, suggesting the need for caution. With appropriate care, many pregnancies can proceed normally despite this early scare.

Between 10% to 20% of known pregnancies end in miscarriage, making it a fairly common occurrence. The risk decreases as the pregnancy progresses.

About half of first-trimester miscarriages result from chromosomal abnormalities. Other factors may include infections, hormonal imbalances, and certain lifestyle habits. Conditions like uncontrolled diabetes or uterine issues can also increase the risk.

Doctors use ultrasound tests, blood tests measuring hCG levels, and pelvic exams to diagnose a miscarriage. These tests help determine the best course of action for treatment and recovery.

While not all miscarriages can be prevented, regular prenatal care, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and avoiding known risk factors can help lower the risk. Following a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and taking prenatal vitamins is also recommended.

Treatment varies depending on the type of miscarriage and may include medical intervention to ensure all pregnancy tissue is cleared from the uterus. Emotional support and counseling can also be an important part of recovery.

It's natural to experience a range of emotions after a miscarriage. Many find comfort in counseling, support groups, and discussing their feelings with trusted friends or family. Remember, it's okay to grieve and take time to heal both physically and emotionally.

Yes, many individuals can conceive again after a miscarriage. Doctors usually recommend waiting until after one normal menstrual period to try again. However, discussing this with your healthcare provider based on your specific situation is important.