Fetal distress refers to signs that a baby in the womb is not well, primarily due to insufficient oxygen. It's a condition that can occur late in pregnancy or during labor.

Several reasons can lead to fetal distress, such as complications with the placenta or umbilical cord, insufficient oxygen supply, or reactions to medications during labor. Conditions like preeclampsia or issues with the baby's growth can also contribute.

Doctors closely monitor the baby's heart rate for abnormal patterns, which can indicate distress. They may also look for decreased movements from the baby or check the amniotic fluid for meconium, which is the baby's first stool and can be a sign of stress.

The management plan can include giving the mother oxygen, changing her position, or administering fluids and medications to improve the baby's oxygen supply. In some cases, delivering the baby as soon as possible through methods like cesarean delivery, vacuum extraction, or forceps delivery may be necessary.

While not all cases can be prevented, regular prenatal check-ups, maintaining a healthy pregnancy, and monitoring the baby's movements can help in early detection and management. Avoiding certain risk factors and informing the doctor about unusual symptoms can also play a significant role in prevention.

Fast response is crucial to minimize the risk of complications for the baby, such as brain injury or even stillbirth. Prompt medical intervention can help ensure the mother's and baby's safety and well-being.