Hepatitis B represents a significant global health concern characterized by a viral infection that leads to liver disease. The severity of Hepatitis B can vary considerably; while some individuals may experience short-term illness, others may encounter persistent infection leading to long-term health issues, including liver cancer. Initially, Hepatitis B infection might result in several weeks to months of sickness, but its impact can extend further, potentially causing life-threatening complications for some.

Hepatitis B, a serious liver infection, can be transmitted in various ways, including:

- Direct contact with the blood of an infected individual, regardless of whether they exhibit symptoms.
- During childbirth, from an infected mother to her newborn.
- Through open wounds.
- By sharing personal items, such as toothbrushes.
- Via pre-chewed food for infants.
- From any infected family member or caregiver to a baby.
- The virus is capable of surviving on surfaces for over a week.

As a parent living with hepatitis B, you have a powerful tool at your disposal to protect your newborn from the virus, known as hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG). This medicine provides your baby with immediate support to combat the virus from the moment it enters the world. Additionally, infants at risk of contracting hepatitis B from their mothers are administered supplemental injections of the hepatitis B vaccine. These crucial doses are administered at birth, again at four weeks, and at the 1-year milestone to ensure your baby is shielded against the virus effectively.

Administering the hepatitis B vaccine to infants is essential for safeguarding them against hepatitis B, a disease that can have severe consequences. Additionally, this vaccine plays a crucial role in preventing the spread of hepatitis B. Since children infected with hepatitis B often do not exhibit any symptoms, they can unknowingly transmit the disease to others. Vaccinating infants contributes significantly to the overall health and well-being of the community by helping to prevent the silent spread of this infectious disease.

Typically, infants and young children infected with Hepatitis B exhibit no signs. However, the infection prompts several symptoms in others, including a diminished appetite, fever, fatigue, and pain in the muscles, joints, and abdomen. Additional symptoms may include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and dark-colored urine. These symptoms generally manifest 3 to 4 months following exposure to the virus.

The Hepatitis B vaccine typically causes mild side effects. These may include a low-grade fever and some discomfort or redness at the injection site in infants.