A fertility evaluation is a comprehensive look into a couple's ability to conceive. It involves physical exams and reviewing the medical histories of both partners. Men undergo semen analysis to check sperm health. At the same time, women are evaluated for ovulation and the health of their fallopian tubes and uterus through blood tests, ultrasounds, and specific imaging tests like the hysterosalpingogram.

Assessing ovarian reserve is critical because it gives insight into the quantity and quality of a woman's eggs. This is done through hormone blood tests and sometimes an ultrasound. Understanding ovarian reserve helps predict a woman's fertility potential and guide appropriate treatment options.

Genetics can significantly impact fertility, especially in men. Genetic abnormalities on the Y chromosome, for instance, may lead to reduced sperm production. Recognizing and understanding these genetic factors can help in diagnosing fertility issues and tailoring treatment accordingly.

Infertility can result from various factors, including ovulation issues, sperm problems, age, lifestyle choices, and health conditions. In some cases, infertility remains unexplained, with no identifiable cause, even after a thorough evaluation.

It's generally recommended that couples seek a fertility evaluation after trying to conceive for a year without success. However, if the woman is over 35, the evaluation should be considered after six months of testing because fertility declines with age.

Women's fertility starts to decline in the early 30s and drops more rapidly after age 37. Men also experience a decrease in fertility with age, but the impact is more significant in women. By 40, the chance of conceiving each cycle falls to less than 10%.

Lifestyle choices such as extreme weight levels, excessive exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, and marijuana use can negatively impact fertility in both men and women. Managing these factors is crucial for improving fertility outcomes.

Treatment options vary based on the underlying cause of infertility. They can range from medications to stimulate ovulation or improve sperm quality to assisted reproductive technologies like intrauterine insemination (IUI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF). In cases of severe infertility, donor sperm or eggs might be considered.

Hormone levels are integral to the fertility process, affecting everything from ovarian reserve to ovulation and successful conception. Assessing hormone levels through blood tests can help diagnose fertility issues and guide treatment decisions.

Fertility evaluations use a variety of tests, including semen analysis for men, blood tests for hormone levels, imaging techniques like ultrasound and hysterosalpingogram for women, and laparoscopy for a more detailed examination of reproductive organs.

Reproductive health specialists, including reproductive endocrinologists, urologists, and thyroid gland specialists, play a crucial role in diagnosing and treating fertility and reproductive health issues. They offer expertise in managing complex fertility issues and guiding couples through their fertility journey.