Conjoined twins result from an early embryo that doesn't fully separate. This can happen due to the incomplete splitting of a fertilized egg or, in some theories, the fusion of two separate embryos early in development. Factors like gene misexpression can also play a role, but the exact cause remains a mystery.

Conjoined twins can be identified early in pregnancy through ultrasound imaging. Doctors usually recommend an ultrasound to expectant mothers, which can reveal if twins are conjoined as early as 12 weeks into the pregnancy. Further imaging tests like MRI can provide more details about the connection.

Yes, conjoined twins are categorized based on where they are joined. Common types include thoracopagus (connected at the chest), omphalopagus (connected at the abdomen), and craniopagus (connected at the head), among others. The type and extent of their connection can vary widely.

Separation is possible but depends on where the twins are joined and if they share vital organs. Surgeries to separate conjoined twins are highly complex and involve a team of specialists. The timing of the surgery and the twins' overall health are crucial factors in deciding if and when separation should occur.

Survival rates vary depending on the type of connection and whether or not they share critical organs. While advances in medical technology have improved outcomes, the survival rate ranges from 63% to 82% for twins undergoing separation surgery. However, about 60% of those who are separated survive long-term.

After separation surgery, conjoined twins need intensive care and rehabilitation to recover. This includes physical therapy to help them adjust to independent movement and ongoing medical monitoring.

Yes, conjoined twins are always identical because they form from the same fertilized egg. They are genetically identical and are typically assigned the same gender at birth.